In the case of Iran, an agreement between that country and the five nuclear-weapon states aimed to build trust through cooperation and enhanced transparency, but it unraveled when the first Trump administration withdrew from the deal, known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, in 2018. Then, despite the IAEA reporting that there are “no credible indications of an ongoing, undeclared structured nuclear program” in Iran, Israel and the second Trump administration took it upon themselves to launch airstrikes against Iran’s nuclear-fuel-cycle infrastructure, assassinating Iranian nuclear scientists in the process.
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